Wednesday, April 25, 2012

Domestic violence and abuse against women - Characteristics of abusive men

Domestic violence and abuse against women is seen throughout history..The power imbalance and concept that family problems are private kept women from disclosing abuse.Usually abuse was done by only disturbed or mentally ill people.The victims are often innocent and defenceless.Nowadays it is seen in rural and urban areas also.There is a verbal aggression which involves yelling and name calling.The physical aggression ranges from pushing,slapping,beating,punching and if it goes very violent,it can lead to murder as well.The abuser thinks that abusing is a way of controlling the victim,the woman.Ultimately it leads to a marital discord between the couple.The abuser is  an alcoholic at times but not always.In case they are alcoholics they just blame it all on the alcohol that they have consumed.The person could have been also a victim of child abuse himself.Persons suffering from severe physical aggression could be suffering from personality disorder,emotional lability and poor self-esteem.Women suffering from physical abuse experience depression,psychophysiologic illnesses,eating disorders and anxiety.The man uses his physical strength,power and violence to maintain the patriarchial view of woman’s place in the home.Another important issue to be looked at is the intergenerational transmission of violence.The abuser learns about violence from his family,usually his father or grandfather.Research shows such abusers revealing history of harsh physical punishment ranging from spanking to being hit with objects as a means of discipline in their childhood days.The abusers also revealed physical violence between his parents.Low income and unemployment also is seen as triggering factors for physical violence.There are men who say after beating their wives”I only hit her because I needed to keep her in her line”The abuser also reveals his mindset which says”I should teach her a lesson”.Physical violence can also be termed as”battering”The abuser usually suffers from insecurity,low frustration tolerance and unusual amount of jealousy.The abuser denies,blames and lies about his own actions.The abuser often sets a person as an example in his life and follows that person blindly.eg.his father also would have abused his mother.The abuser expects to be treated as special saying that he is the provider for the family.The abuser has no consideration even if the wife is sick or is tired.There is also a sexual cruelty involved.The abuser has no slightest consideration towards the woman in distress.Physical abuse continues during pregnancy and even after child birth.The woman often wonders whether the abusive husband will ever change.The abuser may be a successful lawyer,Doctor,business professional,engineer,etc.The abuser usually lies and denies that he caused any physical violence or abuse.
Domestic violence is considered a crime all over the world.Please do not hesitate to tell your family or friends about it.Do not be a silent victim especially if you have a child/children.Imagine that child growing up without a mother in the same physically abusive home after your abuser murders you.Counselling may effectively help both the abuser and the victim but the extent of damage caused by the abuser to the victim decides how far counselling would work.

Interventions for emergencies during pregnancy

Signs for interventions during pregnancy:
1.Nonreassuring FHR pattern-
-Fetal bradycardia(FHR less than 110 beats/min for more than 10 minutes.
-Fetal tachycardia(FHR more than 160 beats/min for more than 10 minutes in term pregnancy
-Irregular FHR,abnormal sinus rhythm shown by internal monitor.
-Persistent decrease in baseline FHR wintout an identified cause.
2.Inadequate uterine relaxation-
-Intrauterine pressure more than 75 mm Hg.
-Contractions consistently lasting more than 90 seconds.
-Contraction interval less than 2 minutes.
3.Vaginal bleeding-
-Vaginal bleeding is bright red,dark red or in an amount that is excess than that during an usual cervical dilation.
-Continuous vaginal bleeding with FHR changes.
4.Infection-
-Foul smelling amniotic fluid.
-Straw coloured urine seen in mother.
-Fetal tachycardia more than 160 beats /min for more than 10 minutes.
5.Prolapse of cord-
-Patient reports feeling of cord during membranes rupture.
-Cord lies below the presenting part of the fetus.
-Cord protruding from the vagina.
-Breech presentation.
-Cord around the neck of the fetus.

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Eggless fruit cake

Eggless fruit cake is a recipe for those vegan bakers and fruit cake lovers..This is a pretty simple recipe...

Ingredients:
All purpose flour:1 cup
Sugar:1/2 cup
Butter:1/2 cup
Raisins:2 tbsp
Milk:1/4 cup
Yoghurt:1/2 cup
Soda-bi-carbonate:1/4 tsp
Baking powder:1/2 tsp
Preparation:
Take a bowl and beat together the butter and sugar with an electric beater..
Add the yoghurt to this and beat again..
Preheat the oven to 180 degrees C..
Take a large bowl and sieve together the flour,soda-bi-carbonate and baking powder..
Now transfer the flour mixture to the sugar mixture in the large bowl and mix well..
Fold in the raisins to the cake batter…
Grease a baking dish..
Pour this cake batter in to it…
Bake at 180 degrees for 30 minutes..
Cool the fruit cake on a wire rack..
Slice the fruit cake and enjoy!
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Monday, April 16, 2012

General principles of medication for babies

 Here are the general principles of medication for babies..Kindly follow these..
1.Drugs must be used only when absolutely essential.
2.Drugs used should be of the maximum available dilution.
3.All drugs must be checked for generic name and expiry before use.
4.Dosage,route of adminstration,stability and compatibility should be verified by a medical personnel before use if you have any doubts about the same.
5.The quantity of drug to be admistered and the dilution must be calculated before use.
6.Oral medication smust be given as drops.
7.Try to use 1 ml syringes for dispensing oral drugs.
8.Take extra precaution while adminstering drugs to preterm babies.

Wednesday, April 11, 2012

Measurement of blood pressure in babies

Blood pressure can be measured by
1.Flush method.
2.Palpatory method.
1.Flush method:
The uninflated cuff should be wrapped around the wrist and ankle.
The distal limb should be blanched by wrapping the soft elastic bandage beginning at the tips of the fingers or toes up to the wrist or ankle,just below the cuff.
The cuff should be inflated to 120 mm Hg.
The wrapping should be quickly removed.
The cuff should now be deflated slowly and the pressure at the point when the colour returns is noted.
2.Palpatory method:
The baby should be placed supine,arm fully extended in level with the heart.
The appropriate size cuff should be applied snugly above the elbow.
The brachial artery should be palpated and the cuff inflated to 20 mm Hg above the point when the pulse disappears.
The cuff should be deflated slowly and the pressure at which the pulse reappears should be recorded.
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Complications of lumbar puncture in babies

Complications of lumbar puncture in babies are as follows:
1.Hypoxia may occur due to stress caused by the procedure and handling especially in sick babies.
2.Apnoea and bradycardia may sometimes occur due to respiratory compromise caused by the infant being held too tightly during the procedure.
3.Sterile techniques will reduce chances of infection.
4.Bacteremia may occur if a blood vessel is punctured.
5.Intraspinal epidermoid tumour is caused by a plug of epithelial tissue being pushed in to the dura by using a needle without a stylet.
6.Spinal cord and nerve damage are rare if space below L4 is used.

Meaurement of blood pressure using non-invasive blood pressure monitor

A non-invasive blood pressure monitor can be also used to measure blood pressure in babies.
The procedure goes as follows:
The cuff is connected to the monitor instead of the sphygmomanometer.
The monitor can be used to take a single reading or be programmed to measure blood pressure at regular intervals of time.
Usually the blood pressure is programmed to be measured every 30 minutes or so.
Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values can be obtained by this method.
The disadvantage is that this monitor is expensive.

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Monitoring temperature in babies

Monitoring temperature in babies can be done by three ways.
1.Axillary temperature:
Axillary temperature can be measured using an ordinary mercury thermometer.
A low reading thermometer capable of detecting hypothermia up to 30 degrees is preferred.
The thermometer must be kept in the axilla of the baby;s arm held tightly against the chest.
The axillary temperature is about 0.5 to 1 degree lower than a core temperature.
2.Skin temperature:
Skin temperature is measured by skin probes attached to warmers or incubators.
The skin probes provide continuous recording of temperature.
Usually the normal skin temperature is 36 to 36.5 degrees C.
3.Core temperature:
The core temperature can be measured with a rectal probe or a rectal thermometer.
This is an invasive procedure with the risk of cross infection.
This is used only during major surgeries.
This is used to assess the skin and core temperature difference.
The normal core temperature in babies is 36.5 to 37.5 degrees C.
Note:
To convert Celsius(centigrade) readings to Farenheit,multiply by 1.8 and add 32.
To convert Farenheit readings to Celsius,subtract 32 and divide by 1.8.

Complications of endotracheal intubation

Complications of endotracheal intubation are as follows:
1.Tracheal perforation.
2.Esophageal perforation.
3.Laryngeal edema.
4.Palatal grooves with oral intubation.
5.Distortion and necrosis of nostrils in nasal intubation.
6.subglottic stenosis.

Cleaning of an incubator - Care of incubator

Cleaning the incubator in a nursery is a major step in taking care of the neonate.
Once a baby is discharged the incubator in which that baby was placed must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
Babies who stay for a long time in the nursery must be moved to clean beds every week.
The incubator when it is being cleaned,all the detachable parts must be removed and scrubbed meticulously.
A mild soap or a mild detergent can be used for the cleaning.
The fans and fliters in the incubators must be cleaned as per the instructions by the manufacturer.
The matresses used in the incubators are sterilised by gas.
If any cracks appear on the surface they should be replaced immediately.
Incubators when not in use should be thoroughly dried by running the incubator hot without water in the reservoir for 24 hours after disinfection.

Monday, April 9, 2012

Apple jam - Homemade apple jam

Apple jam can be made easily with this simple microwave recipe..Apple is a fruit that is loved by everyone..
Ingredients:
Apples:2,peeled and chopped
Sugar:1/2 cup
Lemon juice:2 tbsp
Preparation:
Take a small bowl and mix in the sugar and chopped apple pieces..
Now microwave this for about 4 minutes till the chopped apple pieces are softened..
Let this cool to room temperature..
Now blend the apple and sugar mixture in a mixer..
Now pour this in to a bowl and microwave for another 7 minutes…
Stir in between and cook till its slightly thickened…
Then pour in the lemon juice and mix well..
Once it is cooled,pour in to a jar or bottle and refrigerate..
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Keema mattar - Minced meat with green peas

Keema mattar is a famous side dish that goes well with rotis..Beef can be replaced with mutton...
Ingredients:
Beef:1/2 kg,minced
Green peas:1/4 kg
Onion:2,big,finely chopped
Tomato:1,finely chopped
Cumin seeds:1 tsp
Red chilli powder:1 tsp
Curd:2 tbsp
Oil:1 tbsp
Salt to taste
Pepper powder:a pinch
Preparation:
Clean the beef and pressure cook the beef till done and keep this aside..
Heat a pan and add the oil..
Add in the cumin seeds followed by the ginger and garlic paste..
Then add in the chopped onion and tomato and fry till they become tender…
Then add in the red chilli powder,salt,garam masala powder and pepper powder..
Cook for few minutes..
Then add in the green peas and cook for a while..
Finally add in the curd and minced beef and cook for about 10 minutes…
Serve with roti or parantha..

Wednesday, April 4, 2012

About God

All smiling persons are not the happiest persons but they are the best actors of life!Jesus is the best actor though He had to eat the bitterwords of some people and some religious and political ones while He lived,was in constant fear of trouble from them,yet He moved among the people with a smile and helped the poor,sick,lonely and needy ones..Jesus is a good actor and a good doer of God’s will.So if you say you are a child of God”Act(smile with all your problems) and act(do) God’s will”
Let us not reject God and delight in human love, but those who reject others cannot love God..
Every time trouble or some problem knocks at the door,pray Jesus to open the door,either He will send them away or they will run away seeing Jesus.So keep Jesus with you always..
Wrap up all the shattered dreams of your life and lay them down at the feet of Jesus for He’s the only one who can turn your sorrows in to joy...
God is the best listener,you don’t need to shout nor cry out loud.Because he hears even the very silent prayer of a sincere heart....
Science and the Bible:
1.Air has weight.(job 28:25)
2.Earth is a sphere.(isa 40:22)
3.We cannot live in any other planet.(odadiah 1:4)
4.The inner core of the earth consists of fire.(job 8:5)
5.Each star differs from one another although it looks alike from the earth.(1 cor 15:41)
6.Suspension of earth in space.(job 26:7)
7.Formation of  rain ie.hydrology process.(job 36:27 to 29)
These wre explored by man about 300 years ago only but it is written in the Bible about 2000 years ago..
Everything that God puts in our way is with a purpose…He uses even the greatest error and the deepest hurt to mould us in to a person of worth